Which drive concept?

Still the first choice for sports cars. The high-revving six-, eight-, and twelve-cylinder engines offer the most excitement! However, they are the worst of all variants in terms of environmental compatibility. This is especially true for the mid-range engines (2-liter to 4-cylinder) and for all heavy vehicles... The low torque compared to the other concepts is not compatible with the high vehicle weight.

CO2 emissions (mainly blamed for climate change) and even particulate matter levels are high.

This engine concept is completely misjudged by most. This statement, of course, refers to the current, state-of-the-art diesel engines, whether 2.0L 4-cylinder or 3L 6-cylinder.

If you primarily use your vehicle for long journeys (over 200km per trip) and also, or even especially, for trips to other countries, diesel is still (or again) the best choice. CO2 emissions are extremely low compared to gasoline engines. And our modern diesel engines are also absolutely clean when it comes to other emissions (including particulate matter). Your modern diesel becomes a particularly "environmental protector" when you fill it with HVO fuel.

Negative news is only heard about old diesel engines with Euro 5 standards or worse.

The absolute best concept for users who primarily make short daily trips of 120 km or less per day. The "small" high-voltage battery required for this has a relatively quick CO2 amortization and is therefore completely environmentally friendly. Nevertheless, you can occasionally make long journeys using a combustion engine without having to worry about finding available charging stations...

However, the basic requirement for purchasing a plug-in hybrid vehicle is a usable 230V household socket near the vehicle so that the car can be charged in its overnight parking space (or, of course, a wallbox).

It is possible to drive exclusively on electricity for weeks or even months, or to operate the vehicle without recharging the battery at all (this second option, however, makes little sense in terms of costs and environmental protection).

The first choice for customers who fundamentally enjoy this undoubtedly rapidly growing technology of locally emission-free driving. Those who embrace it can even cover very long distances in one go without any problems. For those who lack this basic enthusiasm, we recommend the all-electric drive only if the vehicle is generally used very frequently (frequent drivers), often exceeding 200km per trip, but rarely reaching a limit of 500km. The average electricity costs per 100km are well below those of a gasoline engine and even undercut those of an economical diesel (approx. CHF 6 per 100km with economical driving). The environmental impact can be viewed very differently – however, this should always be viewed globally...

Almost all new gasoline and diesel engines are available as mild hybrids. The electric motor used here assists with acceleration, allows for coasting, and can sometimes even perform maneuvering entirely on electricity. However, driving purely on electricity is NOT possible. In return, you never need to charge the battery at a charging station. Charging occurs during braking, when driving downhill, and only in extremely rare cases by the combustion engine.

A modern technology that helps to save fuel without any disadvantages and is also a necessary technology to easily meet the future Euro7 standards.

This isn't a completely problem-free technology for large-scale deployment. Ideally, the hydrogen would have to be produced directly at the gas station. Fueling requires 800 bar of pressure, which makes the technology problematic. Most concepts use a relatively small high-voltage battery and a fuel cell to recharge the battery with hydrogen while driving. A few concepts use hydrogen directly as fuel for an internal combustion engine – this could become a compelling solution for sports cars starting in 2030...

However, the efficiency is far behind that of a purely electric drive:

Hydrogen production: 60-70% efficiency. Of this, the efficiency decreases further during use (fuel cell 50-60%) / hydrogen combustion engine approx. 40%...

The "perfect" drive concept: Based on a purely electric drive, the unique feature here lies in the energy source. The electricity is not "charged" here, but simply refueled in liquid form. Existing gas stations could (at least theoretically) be used for this purpose.

However, the development company has been in the development phase of corresponding vehicles since 2003. A market launch is not yet in sight. Read more here:

https://www.nanoflowcell.com/research-development/prototyping-2/quant-prototyping